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 UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE China’s first Mars probe is called Tianwen-1 (formerly Huoxing 1). ABOUT : The spacecraft consists of an orbiter, a lander and a rover. Launched last year on a Long March 5 rocket from Xichang, China. Landing site: Somewhere in Utopia Planitia, a vast plain in Mars’ northern latitudes and the same place NASA’s Viking 2 mission landed in the 1970s. If the mission is successful, China will become the third country to achieve a Mars landing after the USSR and the United States. FIVE CORE OBJECTIVES :- Create a geological map of Mars. Explore the characteristics of the Martian soil and potentially locate water-ice deposits. Analyze the surface material composition. Investigate the Martian atmosphere and climate at the surface. Understand the electromagnetic and gravitational fields of the planet. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AI4Bharat AI4Bharat is an initiative by IIT Madras. It has been started to build open-source language AI for Indian Languages. In last two years, a team led by Dr Mitesh Khapra, Dr Pratyush Kumar and Dr Anoop Kunchukuttan has contributed to Indian language technology, which also include state-of-the-art models for Machine Translation and Speech Recognition. This initiative would contribute to and accelerate Indic language AI work as a public good. It has been aligned with objectives of Digital India Bhashini Mission. Nilekani Centre at AI4Bharat: The Nilekani Centre at AI4Bharat will work to advance Indian Language technology. Rohini and Nandan Nilekani are supporting the centre, with a grant of Rs 36 crore via Nilekani Philanthropies. During the launch ceremony, a workshop open to students, researchers, and start-ups was organised, in a bid to discuss the resources available for building Indian language technologies. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here

UPSC GS MAINS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS INDIAN POLITY: NATIONAL INTEGRATION There are many definitions of national integration given by many leaders. On a simple note, national integration is defined as the awareness of common identity amongst the citizen of the country. The concept of national integration involves political, economic, social, cultural and psychological dimensions and the inter-relations between them. Obstacles to national integration: 1. Regionalism :   Refers to sub-nationalism and sub-territorial loyalty.  Implies the love for a particular region or state in preference to the country as a whole. 2.Communalism : Refers to the love for one's religious community in preference to the nation and a tendency to promote the communal interest at the cost of the interest of other religious communities. 3.Casteism: Implies love for one's own caste-group in preference to the general national interest. 4.Linguism: Refers to the love for one's language and hatred towards ot

UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Draupadi Murmu took oath as the 15th President of India on July 25, 2022.  She contested against Yashwant Sinha, the joint opposition’s nominee for the top constitutional job.  Draupadi Murmu is a tribal leader from Rairangpur in the Mayurbhanj district in Odisha.  Draupadi Murmu is a soft-spoken leader who made her way into the politics of Odisha with her sheer hard work.  Draupadi Murmu after winning the Presidential elections 2022, has become the first tribal and the second woman to hold the highest office. SOME OF HER RECORDS: First Tribal President. First President from Orissa. First President born in Independent India. Youngest President. Second Women President after Pratibha Patil. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE TiHAN- INDIA'S FIRST AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION FACILITY TiHAN stands for “Technology Innovation Hub on Autonomous Navigation” . It is a multidisciplinary initiative, that has been launched to make India a global player in ‘smart mobility’ technology for futuristic and next generation. This platform will provide for high quality research facility between industry, academia and R&D labs at local and global levels. TiHAN was inaugurated at the campus of IIT Hyderabad. Union Ministry of Science and technology has developed the navigation facility with an outlay of Rs. 130 crores. Significance : TiHAN testbed seeks to make India a global leader in terms of autonomous navigation technologies. TiHAN-IITH testbed on Autonomous Navigations (Aerial & Terrestrial) will help in accurate testing of next generation autonomous navigation technologies.  The testbed comprises of simulation platforms, which is turn permit for non-destructive testing of algorithms and

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Shinzo Abe was a Japanese politician. He served as Japanese prime minister and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) during 2006-2007, followed by second tenure during 2012-2020. He was the longest-serving Japanese prime minister in history. He also served as Chief Cabinet Secretary during 2005-2006 when Junichiro Koizumi was Prime Minister. In 2012, he was leader of the opposition. BRIEF INTRODUCTION: Shinzo Abe was born into a political family.  In 1993 election, he was elected to the House of Representatives.  He was confirmed to become the prime minister through a special session of National Diet.  He became the youngest post-war prime minister of Japan. He was the first prime minister after World War II. Shinzo Abe resigned as prime minister, for the second time, in August 2020 due to resurgence of ulcerative colitis.  He formally offered his resignation on September 16 and Yoshihide Suga became his successor. SHINZO ABE'S ASSASSINATION

 UPSC/TNPSC IMPORTANT QUESTIONS What is HDI.   HDI is brought out by United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)in its Human Development Report(HDR)and it was first published in 1990.It is based on three variables. Life expectancy Literacy(in which two-thirds weights is given to adult literacy and one-third weightage is given to combined primary secondary and tertiary ratios. GNP per capita is adjusted for purchasing power parity HDI is a composite of three basic indicators of human development. The maximum and minimum values of HDI are 1 and 0 respectively.  Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Kalidasa   – He wrote  Abhijnashakuntalam,  one of the best hundred literary works in the world and also the earliest Indian work to be translated to European languages. Amarasimha –  His work  Amarakosha  is a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots, homonyms and synonyms. It has three parts containing around ten thousand words and is also known as  Trikanda . Varahamihira   – He wrote three important books- He composed  Pancha Siddhantika, the five astronomical systems. His work  Brihadsamhita  is a great work in the Sanskrit language. It deals with a variety of subjects like astronomy, astrology, geography, architecture, weather, animals, marriage and omens. His  Brihat Jataka  is considered to be a standard work on astrology. Dhanvantri   – He is considered to be the father of Ayurveda. Ghatakarapara –  An expert in sculpture and architecture. Shanku   – An architect who wrote the Shilpa Shastra. Kahapanaka  – An astrologer who wrote Jyotishya Shastra. Vararuch

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Scientists have discovered a giant white bacterium named “Thiomargarita magnifica Bacteria” on rotting leaves in saline waters of red mangrove swamp in Guadeloupe in Lesser Antilles . How is this bacterium different? The average bacterium is usually between ~0.4 and 3 μm3 in volume. Thus, it is only visible with powerful compound microscope, that use multiple objective lenses. These lenses can be switched between for increasing the magnification levels. Until the latest discovery, bacteria were considered microbial or microscopic organisms. Discovery of Thiomargarita Magnifica, defies all the stereotypical definitions by being visible to the naked eye. Features of Thiomargarita Magnifica: It is 1 cm in length. This discovery will help in solving the puzzle of which factors determine size of a cell. Previously discovered giant bacteria are made of hundreds of thousands of cells. But Thiomargarita Magnifica is composed of single bacterial cell. It is roug

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE What is a Spyware?  It is a  malicious software that enters a user's computer, gathers data from the device and user, and sends it to third parties without their consent . HERMIT SPYWARE: Hermit spyware is capable of affecting Android and iOS devices. As per TechCrunch report, Lookout’s security researchers have informed that, national governments have used the android version of Hermit spyware in “targeted attacks”, with victims in Kazakhstan, Italy and Italy.” Google’s researchers also confirmed the findings of Lookout. It has started notifying Android users regarding the devices that have been compromised by Hermit. About Hermit spyware Hermit is a commercial spyware and it is known to be used by governments with victims in northern Syria, Kazakhstan and Italy. It was first detected in Kazakhstan, in April 2022, after government violently suppressed protests against its policies. It was also deployed in north-eastern Kurdish region of Syria and by I

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE The Union Home Minister Amit Shah recently launched a cyber-crime prevention initiative of the Gujarat Police, called ‘ Cyber AASHVAST ’ in Gandhinagar.  The project was created as a help line for the victims affected by cyber-crimes. During the launch event, the Minister also launched an e-governance initiative called ‘ VISHWAS ’ which is an acronym for Video Integration and State Wide Advanced Security.  It helps in improving Law and Order and helps in Crime detection and investigation through video analytics. This project was launched along with VISHWAS and ' NETRANG' . Netrang is a pr oject to establish Command and Control Room in 33 districts. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched PSLV-C53 mission from Sri Harikota, Andhra Pradesh. It carried three satellites from Singapore. Highlights: PSLV-C53 is the second dedicated commercial mission of the space agency’s commercial arm Newspace India Limited (NSIL). PSLV-C53 successfully injected the satellites at an altitude of 570 km with 10-degree inclination. The four-stage, 44.4-metre-tall rocket had a lift-off mass of 228.433 tonnes. This was the ISRO’s 55th mission of PSLV. The launch vehicle has carried three satellites – DS-EO, a 365 kg and NeuSAR, a 155 kg satellite and 2.8 kg Scoob-1 satellite. DS-EO carries an Electro-Optic, multi-spectral payload which will provide full colour images for land classification, and for serving humanitarian assistance and disaster relief needs. NeuSAR satellite will provide images in day and night and under all weather conditions. The Scoob-I satellite is the first satellite in the Student Satelli