OCEANIC SALINITY

 UPSC GS MAINS IMPORTANT QUESTION:

Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its- multidimensional effects.


The salinity of the oceans is controlled by evaporation and rainfall at earth's surface. Global warming is making some parts are getting fresher. If the evaporation is more at a given patch of ocean, the concentrated of salts increases in the seawater which results in high salinity. However in places that receives  high rainfall, the water gets more diluted resulting in low salinity.





Equatorial waters have lower salinity due to heavy rainfall and high humidity. Oceans lying between 20 to 30 degree north and south have high salinity because of high temperature and low humidity. Similarly ocean falling in temperate regions have lower salinity due to lower temperature and reduced evaporation. Oceans fed by large rivers like Amazon, Congo, Ganges, Mekong etc have lower salinity.

Melting of icebergs and resultant fresh water intake into Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic Ocean water makes them less saline. Change in temperature or density influences the salinity of area because salinity, density and temperature of water are interrelated.




Coral reefs which are important for marine biodiversity can thrive only in saline water. Evaporation is controlled by salinity of the oceans thus tropical cyclones which are driven by evaporation are indirectly controlled by salinity. Salinity play important role in the formation and circulation of oceanic currents. Because of considerable salinity of ocean water the plankton keep floating over the surface of the ocean. Reduced Salinity can endanger the survival of planktons which can affect the entire marine ecosytem. Oceanic salinity therefore plays a crucial role in the survival of both marine and terrestrial forms on earth.



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