MANTLE PLUME

 UPSC GS MAINS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Define Mantle Plume and explains its role in plate tectonics.

A mantle plume is a large column of hot rock rising through the mantle. The heat from the plume causes rocks in the lower lithosphere to melt. The largest mantle plumes are presumed to form where a large volume of the mantle rock is heated at the core mantle boundary.




Most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates meet. But some volcanoes appear in the middle of the tectonic plate. In 1963, J. Tuzo Wilson proposed the mantle plume hypothesis to explain this phenomenon.




Heat transferred from the plume raises the temperature in the lower lithosphere to above melting point, and magma chambers are formed that feed volcanoes at the surface. The area is known as hotspot or flood basalt. Hotspots exist in Hawaii and Iceland.




The mantle plume hypothesis is useful in understanding the formation of volcanic chains, growth and breakdown of supercontinents, active rifting, the formation of passive volcanic-type continental margins and the origin of time-progressive volcanic chains on oceanic and continental plates. Although the evidence for mantle plumes is largely circumstantial, it still plays a vital role in the process of plate tectonics.


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