MICRO-WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT

 UPSC GS MAINS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

In what way micro-watershed development projects help in water conservation in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India?

Watershed is a geographical unit with a common natural drainage outlet. The scope of micro-watershed up to 500 ha. According to a recent World Bank report the rising demand for water along with further increase in population and economic growth can result in about half the demand for water in India being unmet by 2030. 




Micro-watershed development can be considered as one of the best programs in conservation of drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India in terms of immediate and targeted effects. Semi-arid regions-receive very less rainfall(<50cm annually) and are affected by deforestation and desertification. Micro-watershed projects can prevent unwanted evaporation by increasing biomass component of the area. The strategies of micro-watershed development include:

1. Restoring the natural sources of water collection like ponds, lakes etc.
2. Building infrastructure like tankas, artificial ponds, check dams etc. to store the rain water and increase the moisture level of soil. 
3. Improving water use efficiency for agriculture with methods like drip irritation and sprinkle irrigation.
4.Preventing soil erosion, planting trees in the waste lands, ground water recharging and conservation of soil moisture.
5. Improving the quality of life in villages of drought prone region by increased availability of water both for drinking and irrigation purpose.
6. Increasing the vegetation cover in the semi-arid regions by rational utilization of water resources.



Micro-watershed development can result into phenomenal success in regions like Vidarbha, Bundelkhand and Rajasthan. Micro-watershed development aims for collection and judicious use of ground water and surface water to conserve the ecology of the place and to sustain agriculture in future.


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