JUNO MISSION OF NASA

 UPSC GS MAINS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS


How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth?




American Space agency NASA sent Juno Mission spacecraft to planet Jupiter to study its temperature, clouds, water composition , gravitational and magnetic fields and other properties. The spacecraft was launched in 2011 and entered a polar orbit of Jupiter in 2016. Juno's principal goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. The Juno Mission will enhance our knowledge of Earth and help to understand the origin of Earth in a significant manner. 

Jupiter got most of its mass from the dust that blew away from the sun. Its mass is twice the combined mass of the all other bodies in the solar system. Studying the composition of Jupiter can unlock the knowledge about the heavy elements which are no longer in the Earth's system but were originally present. Unlike Earth, the solar winds could not blow away Jupiter's hydrogen and helium because of its distance from the sun. Therefore Jupiter's atmosphere is supposed to have evolved from a mechanism different from the process 'degassing' which generally explains the evolution of Earth's atmosphere. 

Hydrogen found in Jupiter got liquified and formed large oceans because of extreme atmospheric pressure. Studying this will help to know how our atmospheric gases behaved during the evolution of Earth. Studying the Jupiter's gravity and magnetism on its moons and vice-versa will enhance our understanding Earth-Moon relationship. In our solar System, Jupiter has largest surface, biggest ocean and strongest gravity and magnetism. Therefore the data fetched by Juno mission will enhance our understanding about the origin and evolution of the Earth.


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