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 UPSC GS MAINS HISTORY European Arrival in India: PORTUGUESE STATE Coastal parts of India had come under Portuguese power within fifty years of Vasco da Gama’s arrival. Portuguese had occupied some sixty miles of coast around Goa . On west coast from Mumbai to Daman and Diu to the approaches to Gujarat, they controlled narrow tract with four important port s and hundreds of towns and villages. In the south, they had under them a chain of seaport fortresses and trading-posts like Mangalore, Cannanore, Cochin, and Calicut . And though their power in Malabar was not consolidated, it was enough to ensure influence or control over the local rulers who held the spice growing land. The Portuguese established further military posts and settlements on the east coast at SanThome (in Chennai) and Nagapatnam (in Andhra). The Portuguese, the first Europeans to come to India, were also the last to leave this land. It was 1961 before the Government of India recaptured Goa,

 UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NO-FLY ZONE: It is also known as no-flight zone (NFZ) or air exclusion zone (AEZ). No-fly zones are generally established by a nation in an enemy nation’s territory during a conflict or war. No-fly zone aims to prevent the operation of enemy nation’s aircraft in the region. After the imposition of a no-fly zone by a country, generally, military personnel are deployed to enforce it and also for surveillance purposes. To prevent violations, a country may even resort to preemptive attacks on aircrafts. No-fly zone was earlier set up during the 1991 Gulf War in Iraq, civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993-95), and the 2011 Civil war in Libya. However, no-fly zones are not just permitted to the military context. They can be even established for civilian purposes. For example, it was set up during Olympic Games held in London in 2012. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!