INFOGRAPHIC

Coalition Government:   Political Arrangement where multiple parties collaborate to form a government when no single parties secures a clear majority in the legislature. Anti Incumbency factors refer to conditions, sentiments or circumstances that work against the current holder of political office during elections.  Way Forward:  1. Political Stability 2. Election of Prime minister (Leader of Lok Sabha) 3. Transparency in Functioning of Coalition 4. Long Term Policy Strategies.

UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ◇ Tejas is a single-seat , single-jet engine , multirole light fighter. ◇ It is the smallest and lightest multi-role supersonic fighter aircraft in the Indian Air Force. ◇ It has been designed and developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). ◇ It is designed to carry a range of air-to-air , air-to-surface , precision-guided , and standoff weaponry . Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Cord blood (short for umbilical cord blood) is the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta post-delivery. It contains special cells called hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to treat some types of diseases. CORD BLOOD BANKING . :- Cord blood banking is the process of collecting the cord blood and extracting and cryogenically freezing its stem cells and other cells of the immune system for potential future medical use. USES :- They can treat cancer , blood diseases like anemia, and some immune system disorders, which disrupt your body’s ability to defend itself. The fluid is easy to collect and has 10 times more stem cells than those collected from bone marrow. Stem cells from cord blood rarely carry any infectious diseases and are half as likely to rejected as adult stem cells. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE China’s first Mars probe is called Tianwen-1 (formerly Huoxing 1). ABOUT : The spacecraft consists of an orbiter, a lander and a rover. Launched last year on a Long March 5 rocket from Xichang, China. Landing site: Somewhere in Utopia Planitia, a vast plain in Mars’ northern latitudes and the same place NASA’s Viking 2 mission landed in the 1970s. If the mission is successful, China will become the third country to achieve a Mars landing after the USSR and the United States. FIVE CORE OBJECTIVES :- Create a geological map of Mars. Explore the characteristics of the Martian soil and potentially locate water-ice deposits. Analyze the surface material composition. Investigate the Martian atmosphere and climate at the surface. Understand the electromagnetic and gravitational fields of the planet. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AI4Bharat AI4Bharat is an initiative by IIT Madras. It has been started to build open-source language AI for Indian Languages. In last two years, a team led by Dr Mitesh Khapra, Dr Pratyush Kumar and Dr Anoop Kunchukuttan has contributed to Indian language technology, which also include state-of-the-art models for Machine Translation and Speech Recognition. This initiative would contribute to and accelerate Indic language AI work as a public good. It has been aligned with objectives of Digital India Bhashini Mission. Nilekani Centre at AI4Bharat: The Nilekani Centre at AI4Bharat will work to advance Indian Language technology. Rohini and Nandan Nilekani are supporting the centre, with a grant of Rs 36 crore via Nilekani Philanthropies. During the launch ceremony, a workshop open to students, researchers, and start-ups was organised, in a bid to discuss the resources available for building Indian language technologies. Hello  guys  !! This ...

UPSC GS MAINS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS INDIAN POLITY: NATIONAL INTEGRATION There are many definitions of national integration given by many leaders. On a simple note, national integration is defined as the awareness of common identity amongst the citizen of the country. The concept of national integration involves political, economic, social, cultural and psychological dimensions and the inter-relations between them. Obstacles to national integration: 1. Regionalism :   Refers to sub-nationalism and sub-territorial loyalty.  Implies the love for a particular region or state in preference to the country as a whole. 2.Communalism : Refers to the love for one's religious community in preference to the nation and a tendency to promote the communal interest at the cost of the interest of other religious communities. 3.Casteism: Implies love for one's own caste-group in preference to the general national interest. 4.Linguism: Refers to the love for one's language and hatred towards ot...

UPSC GS MAINS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Draupadi Murmu took oath as the 15th President of India on July 25, 2022.  She contested against Yashwant Sinha, the joint opposition’s nominee for the top constitutional job.  Draupadi Murmu is a tribal leader from Rairangpur in the Mayurbhanj district in Odisha.  Draupadi Murmu is a soft-spoken leader who made her way into the politics of Odisha with her sheer hard work.  Draupadi Murmu after winning the Presidential elections 2022, has become the first tribal and the second woman to hold the highest office. SOME OF HER RECORDS: First Tribal President. First President from Orissa. First President born in Independent India. Youngest President. Second Women President after Pratibha Patil. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE TiHAN- INDIA'S FIRST AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION FACILITY TiHAN stands for “Technology Innovation Hub on Autonomous Navigation” . It is a multidisciplinary initiative, that has been launched to make India a global player in ‘smart mobility’ technology for futuristic and next generation. This platform will provide for high quality research facility between industry, academia and R&D labs at local and global levels. TiHAN was inaugurated at the campus of IIT Hyderabad. Union Ministry of Science and technology has developed the navigation facility with an outlay of Rs. 130 crores. Significance : TiHAN testbed seeks to make India a global leader in terms of autonomous navigation technologies. TiHAN-IITH testbed on Autonomous Navigations (Aerial & Terrestrial) will help in accurate testing of next generation autonomous navigation technologies.  The testbed comprises of simulation platforms, which is turn permit for non-destructive testing of algorithms and...

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Shinzo Abe was a Japanese politician. He served as Japanese prime minister and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) during 2006-2007, followed by second tenure during 2012-2020. He was the longest-serving Japanese prime minister in history. He also served as Chief Cabinet Secretary during 2005-2006 when Junichiro Koizumi was Prime Minister. In 2012, he was leader of the opposition. BRIEF INTRODUCTION: Shinzo Abe was born into a political family.  In 1993 election, he was elected to the House of Representatives.  He was confirmed to become the prime minister through a special session of National Diet.  He became the youngest post-war prime minister of Japan. He was the first prime minister after World War II. Shinzo Abe resigned as prime minister, for the second time, in August 2020 due to resurgence of ulcerative colitis.  He formally offered his resignation on September 16 and Yoshihide Suga became his successor. SHINZO ...

 UPSC/TNPSC IMPORTANT QUESTIONS What is HDI.   HDI is brought out by United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)in its Human Development Report(HDR)and it was first published in 1990.It is based on three variables. Life expectancy Literacy(in which two-thirds weights is given to adult literacy and one-third weightage is given to combined primary secondary and tertiary ratios. GNP per capita is adjusted for purchasing power parity HDI is a composite of three basic indicators of human development. The maximum and minimum values of HDI are 1 and 0 respectively.  Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Kalidasa   – He wrote  Abhijnashakuntalam,  one of the best hundred literary works in the world and also the earliest Indian work to be translated to European languages. Amarasimha –  His work  Amarakosha  is a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots, homonyms and synonyms. It has three parts containing around ten thousand words and is also known as  Trikanda . Varahamihira   – He wrote three important books- He composed  Pancha Siddhantika, the five astronomical systems. His work  Brihadsamhita  is a great work in the Sanskrit language. It deals with a variety of subjects like astronomy, astrology, geography, architecture, weather, animals, marriage and omens. His  Brihat Jataka  is considered to be a standard work on astrology. Dhanvantri   – He is considered to be the father of Ayurveda. Ghatakarapara –  An expert in sculpture and architecture. Shanku   – An architect who wrote t...

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Scientists have discovered a giant white bacterium named “Thiomargarita magnifica Bacteria” on rotting leaves in saline waters of red mangrove swamp in Guadeloupe in Lesser Antilles . How is this bacterium different? The average bacterium is usually between ~0.4 and 3 μm3 in volume. Thus, it is only visible with powerful compound microscope, that use multiple objective lenses. These lenses can be switched between for increasing the magnification levels. Until the latest discovery, bacteria were considered microbial or microscopic organisms. Discovery of Thiomargarita Magnifica, defies all the stereotypical definitions by being visible to the naked eye. Features of Thiomargarita Magnifica: It is 1 cm in length. This discovery will help in solving the puzzle of which factors determine size of a cell. Previously discovered giant bacteria are made of hundreds of thousands of cells. But Thiomargarita Magnifica is composed of single bacterial ce...

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE What is a Spyware?  It is a  malicious software that enters a user's computer, gathers data from the device and user, and sends it to third parties without their consent . HERMIT SPYWARE: Hermit spyware is capable of affecting Android and iOS devices. As per TechCrunch report, Lookout’s security researchers have informed that, national governments have used the android version of Hermit spyware in “targeted attacks”, with victims in Kazakhstan, Italy and Italy.” Google’s researchers also confirmed the findings of Lookout. It has started notifying Android users regarding the devices that have been compromised by Hermit. About Hermit spyware Hermit is a commercial spyware and it is known to be used by governments with victims in northern Syria, Kazakhstan and Italy. It was first detected in Kazakhstan, in April 2022, after government violently suppressed protests against its policies. It was also deployed in north-eastern Kurdish region of Syri...

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE The Union Home Minister Amit Shah recently launched a cyber-crime prevention initiative of the Gujarat Police, called ‘ Cyber AASHVAST ’ in Gandhinagar.  The project was created as a help line for the victims affected by cyber-crimes. During the launch event, the Minister also launched an e-governance initiative called ‘ VISHWAS ’ which is an acronym for Video Integration and State Wide Advanced Security.  It helps in improving Law and Order and helps in Crime detection and investigation through video analytics. This project was launched along with VISHWAS and ' NETRANG' . Netrang is a pr oject to establish Command and Control Room in 33 districts. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC/TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched PSLV-C53 mission from Sri Harikota, Andhra Pradesh. It carried three satellites from Singapore. Highlights: PSLV-C53 is the second dedicated commercial mission of the space agency’s commercial arm Newspace India Limited (NSIL). PSLV-C53 successfully injected the satellites at an altitude of 570 km with 10-degree inclination. The four-stage, 44.4-metre-tall rocket had a lift-off mass of 228.433 tonnes. This was the ISRO’s 55th mission of PSLV. The launch vehicle has carried three satellites – DS-EO, a 365 kg and NeuSAR, a 155 kg satellite and 2.8 kg Scoob-1 satellite. DS-EO carries an Electro-Optic, multi-spectral payload which will provide full colour images for land classification, and for serving humanitarian assistance and disaster relief needs. NeuSAR satellite will provide images in day and night and under all weather conditions. The Scoob-I satellite is the first satellite in the Studen...

 UPSC/TNPSC GLOSSARY - HISTORY Burgeoning : to grow rapidly Penance : the act of doing something in order to show repentance. Circumnavigate : to sail, fly or travel completely around the Earth. Ammunition : a supply of bullets or cartridges to be fired from guns. Tumultuous : something that involves a lot of change and confusion. Hello  guys  !! This is Navina here. Visit my  blog  to get crisp contents on various stuffs!!

 UPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Swami Dayanand Saraswati Swami Dayanand Saraswati was one of the greatest social reformers of India. He established the Arya Samaj in 1875.  Contributions: The Arya Samaj provided equal status to all its members and there was no place for distinction based on caste within its ranks. Dayanand Saraswati believed that knowledge was only in the Vedas and therefore, true religion was only the religion of the Vedas. He believed in one god and advocated that it was wrong to worship idols and perform meaningless rituals. The Arya Samaj helped in the educational development of Indians. It carried the work of women's reform further. The Arya Samaj established Kanya Gurukuls for the education of women and encouraged emancipation of women in different fields. After his death, his followers established the Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) schools at various places in India. These schools taught traditional Indian learning along with western scientific subjects. Hello...

 TNPSC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Veeramamunivar  (November 8, 1680 – February 4, 1747)  was born in Casthigilion , Italy .  His real name – kanctantain cocappu pecki ( Constantine Joseph Beschi ). He is the pastor of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints .  He has done excellent work for the development and progress of the Tamil language. He is credited with writing 23 books in Tamil and composing events related to the life of Jesus Christ and the history of St. Joseph, the foster father of Jesus, as an epic in Tamil culture called ” Thembavani ” as a testament to his Tamil scholarship. He received his scholarship in Tamil through Subradeepak Kavirayar . In TamilNadu He stayed in Goa for a few days, planned to go to Tamil Nadu, came to Kochi and from there came to Ambalakkad as a herdsman;  Kamanayakkanpatti came and joined in Madurai . He has built Christian churches in many districts of Tamil Nadu . In particular, St. Periyanayaki has made her mother ...

 UPSC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS One belt and One Road Policy(OBOR) and India's Counter. The OBOR initiative was announced in 2013 by China’s President Xi Jinping. The ‘Belt’ refers to the ‘ Silk Road Economic Belt ’, which is a series of overland routes reminiscent of the Silk Road of antiquity and the late middle ages, while the ‘Road’ refers to the sea routes, which is also referred to as the  21st Century Maritime Silk Road . The OBOR has been referred to as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since 2016 due to the Chinese government’s consideration of the word ‘one’ is prone to misinterpretation. The Chinese media however still refers to it as the One Belt One Road to this day. The objectives of the OBOR are as follows: Creation of a unified large market that makes use of both international and domestic markets. Facilitate cultural exchange and integration Enhance mutual understanding and trust of member nations that will foster an innovative environment with capital inflows, t...